The design properties of lightweight concrete are discussed in aci 2r guide for structural lightweightaggregate concrete. Density and strengths can be controlled to meet specific structural and nonstructural design requirements. These air voids are established in the material via the introduction of either a proteinbased or syntheticbased foaming agent that reacts mechanically and chemically with the other com. Cui department of building and construction, city university of hong kong, hong kong abstract with increasing concern over the excessive exploitation of natural aggregates, synthetic lightweight aggregate produced from environmental waste is a viable new source of. The properties mainly depend on the properties of the lightweight.
Properties of concrete using scoria lightweight aggregate. Laboratory investigation of lightweight concrete properties. Structural lightweight concrete available today are rotary kiln expanded shale, clay or slate roughly 80% of structural use and sintered expanded shale or clay 20%. Standard specification for lightweight aggregates for concrete masonry units, and c 332. Also, it focuses on the materials used to obtain lightweight concrete. Air content of structural lightweight concrete must be closely monitored and controlled to ensure that the density requirements are being achieved. Concrete, highstrength lightweightstructural lightweight concrete with a 28 day compressive strength of 6000 psi 40 mpa or greater.
Properties of expanded shale and clay aggregates produced in texas. Lightweight concrete showing the lightweight aggregate particle. Dynamic properties of lightweight cellular concrete for. Lightweight aggregate concrete has been proven to be able to reduce the selfweight of a structure. All the concretes have densities less than 2000 kgm 3 a new mix design methodology was proposed and has the capability to produce compressive strength up to 70 mpa. Advantages of lightweight concrete are a higher strength to weight ratio as compared with normal concrete, enhanced in thermal, sound insulation and fire resistance properties 18, 19. Lightweight concrete is typically manufactured with combinations of normalweight and lightweight aggregates.
Using all coarse and fine lightweight aggregates in a concrete mixture can decrease the concrete density to less than 90 lbft3 31440 kgm. Structural design of lightweight concrete members relies. This work is made available under the terms of the creative commons. Pdf the lightweight concrete has many advantages as compared to conventional concrete. Poraver gives lightweight concrete lwc specific advantages.
Effect of water absorption by the aggregate on properties of. Mix design and properties of fly ash waste lightweight. The information is based on many laboratory studies and records of a large number of existing structures that have provided satisfactory service for more than 85 years. Equations for mix design of structural lightweight concrete 3 guide the mix designer, it is thought worthwhile to add more values to these data for convenience of the users. Mean concrete properties from tests on 4 by 8inch 102 by 203mm cylinders. Properties of high strength tuff lightweight aggregate concrete. Materials, production, properties and application of aerated. Structural lightweight concrete has an inplace density unit weight on the order of 90 to 115 lb ft 3 1440 to 1840 kgm compared to normalweight concrete with a density in the. Nearly all fct tests on all three girder mixes gave splitting ratios that were greater figure 1. Standard specification for lightweight aggregate for insulating concrete. Properties of lightweight concrete the most significant property of lightweight concrete is reduced weight at no sacrifice in strength.
Lightweight aggregate concrete properties, uses and weight per. The low density of light weight concrete makes it possible to design loadbearing building parts with slimmer dimensions. In this article we discuss the properties, characteristics, uses and weight per cubic feet of lightweight aggregate concrete. The primary use of structural lightweight concrete slwc is to reduce the dead load of a concrete structure, which allows the structural designer to reduce the size of the structural members like beam, column, and footings which results in reduction of earthquake forces on the structure. Pdf fly ash fa, furnace bottom ash fba and lytag lg were used in the current study to replace ordinary portland cement opc, natural sand ns. Structural lightweight concrete also benefits from energy conservation considerations as it provides higher rvalues of wall elements for improved insulation properties. All kinds of light concrete that are made by light coarse aggregates, light fine aggregates or ordinary. Chindaprasirt, in ecoefficient masonry bricks and blocks, 2015. The most significant property of lightweight concrete is reduced weight at no sacrifice in strength. The porosity of lightweight aggregate provides a source of water for internal curing of the concrete that provides continued enhancement of concrete strength and durability. Properties of concrete while cement in one form or another has been around for centuries, the type we use was invented in 1824 in britain. The marginally higher cost of the lightweight concrete is offset by reduced size of structural. There is a limited amount of test data on the mechanical properties of highstrength lightweight concrete lwc with a concrete unit weight wc between that of traditional lwc and normal weight concrete nwc.
The increasing use of lightweight concrete as a structural material demands a thorough understanding of all its properties, expecially creep and shrinkage. Recommendations are made for appropriate geotechnical engineering properties for the use of lightweight cellular concrete materials in earthretaining structures. Introduction concrete is a product obtained by hardening the mixture of cement, sand, gravel and water in predetermined proportions. Highperformance cellular concrete hpcc has all the properties of cellular concrete and can achieve 55. Pdf presents information on the mechanical properties of highstrength lightweight concrete up to 100 mpa with a corresponding density of 1865 kgm3 find, read and cite all the research. Advantages and disadvantages of using lightweight concrete. Studying the properties of lightweight concrete using construction materials waste 299 properties of aggregate 8. Early notable lwc structures include the port of cosa, the pantheon dome, and the coliseum. What if we could find a lightweight building material that has the quality or durability and strength of rock contain freezing thawing properties, and thermal conductivity as well. Lightweight aggregate stockpiles with continuous sprinklers. Explore cellular lightweight concrete with free download of seminar report and ppt in pdf and doc format. Occasionally the word problem is associated with structural lightweight concrete. Bulk density, water absorption and a sieve analysis was conducted on the scoria aggregate prior to mix design for concrete. Presents information on the mechanical properties of highstrength lightweight concrete up to 100 mpa with a corresponding density of 1865 kgm3.
Although creep and shrinkage are not unique properties of concrete, none of the other principal structural materials exhibit as significant timedependent deforma. Concrete structures are prone to earthquake due to mass of the structures. Higher strengths can be produced with the addition of supplementary cementitious materials. The developed ultralightweight concrete, with a dry density of about 650700 kgm3, shows excellent thermal properties, with a thermal conductivity of about 0. Structural lightweight concrete is generally made by using artificial lightweight aggregates such as expanded clay, shale and slate. Clc lightweight bricks, foaming agents, insulation, versatile material, pumice stone, ceramic tiles. Lightweight concrete can be defined as a type of concrete which includes an expanding agent in that it increases the volume of the mixture while giving additional qualities such as nailbility and lessened the dead weight. Equations for mix design of structural lightweight concrete. Pdf mechanical properties of highstrength lightweight. Lightweight concrete properties 115 pcf lightweight 145 pcf normalweight.
Creep and shrinkage properties of lightweight concrete. There is a limited amount of test data on the mechanical properties of highstrength lightweight concrete lwc with a concrete unit weight wc between that of traditional lwc and normal weight. Pdf this paper presents a part of the results of an ongoing laboratory work carried out to design a structural lightweight concrete slwc. Properties of lightweight concrete masonry units made from. The lightweight concrete has many advantages as compared to conventional concrete. Properties of concrete concrete is an artificial conglomerate stone made essentially of portland cement, water, and aggregates. Structural lightweight concrete containing sintered fly ash lightweight aggregates were produced.
Summary this paper discusses the unique physical characteristics of rotary kiln expanded slate lightweight aggregate for producing high performance and high strength lightweight concrete. Mechanical and thermal properties of lightweight concrete made. In this study, an experimental investigation was conducted on the mechanical properties of lightweight aggregate concrete lwac with different chopped fibers, including basalt fiber bf and. Proceedings of the second international congress on lightweight concrete, london, 1415 april 1980, pp. Types, properties and uses what is lightweight concrete. Mechanical properties fhwahrt62, available through the national. Also explore the seminar topics paper on cellular lightweight concrete with abstract or synopsis, documentation on advantages and disadvantages, base paper presentation slides for ieee final year civil engineering ce or ieee civil construction btech, be, mtech students for the year 2017. Usually because of fly ash as aggregate there is a huge amount of custom mixes out there. The effects of aggregate types, volumetric fly ash content and watercement ratio on the mechanical properties of lightweight aggregate concrete lwac are discussed in this paper.
Rational mix design of lightweight concrete for optimum strength by eethar th. Lightweight aggregate concrete is prepared by using lightweight aggregate or low density aggregate such as volcanic pumice, clay, slate, shale, scoria, tuff and pellite. There is a limited amount of test data on the mechanical proper ties of highstrength lightweight concrete lwc with a concrete unit weight wc. Pdf properties of lightweight concrete manufactured with fly ash.
High strength tuff lightweight aggregate concrete practice, part 3. Cellular lightweight concrete seminar report, ppt, pdf. Structural lightweight concrete provides a more efficient strength to weight ratio in structural members. Properties of lightweight concrete for construction works. Seismic performance of lightweight concrete structures. Sample taken from the cossakie bridge deck, new york thruway holm et.
It was named portland cement because it looked like the. Concrete with porous aggregates is now the most commonly used type of lightweight concrete. Rational mix design of lightweight concrete for optimum. Principal research scientist introduction lightweight concrete lwc has been used for more than 2,000 years aci 2r american concrete institute aci, 2003.
Lightweight aggregate concrete properties, uses and. Properties of green lightweight aggregate concrete tommy y. The lighter the concrete, the greater are the differences to be accounted for in the properties of the concrete. Lightweight concrete can be specified using the notation lc for the strength class, e. Index termsaerated concrete, cellular concrete, foamed concrete, autoclaved aerated concrete aac i. Properties of high strength tuff lightweight aggregate. Mechanical properties fhwa publication no fhwahrt61 fhwa contact. Polystyrene lightweight concrete polyconcrete zaher kuhail. Mechanical properties of lightweight cellular concrete for. Lightweight concrete can be classed according to its unit weight or density, which normally ranges from 320 to 1920 kgm 3, according to the aci committee 2 guide for structural lightweight aggregate concrete aci 2, 2001. Structural lightweight concrete achieve similar strength, mechanical and durability properties as normalweight concrete.
Applications of structural lightweight concrete concrete. This document is a technical summary of the federal highway administration report, lightweight concrete. Most lightweight concretes use a lightweight coarse aggregate 34 in. Lightweight concrete is characterized by good compressive strength, durability and the most important advantages low density and improved properties of. For normal weight concrete we have conversion factors, when testing not at the age of 28 days or the curing of specimens is not according to the standard. In the paper the properties of concrete masonry unit cmu made from sedimentary lightweight aggregate lwa were investigated. Lightweight concrete an overview sciencedirect topics. American concrete institute, detroit, michigan, 1983. Lightweight concrete refers to the concrete of which the density is less than 1950 kgm 3, including lightweight aggregate concrete, porous concrete and macroporous concrete 1 lightweight aggregate concrete. Effect of water absorption by the aggregate on properties. Pdf strength properties of lightweight concrete made with basaltic. Concrete is considered to be lightweight is the density is not more than 2200 kgm 3, when compared to normal concrete which is 23002400 kgm3 and a proportion of the.
An experimental study was undertaken using lightweight scoria aggregate concrete lwsac aiming to determine the viability of scoria being used in structural concrete. Pdf mechanical properties of highstrength lightweight concrete. Definition concrete which uses lightweight aggregates may consist of lightweight aggregates are used in ordinary concrete of coarse aggregate and sand, clay, foamed slag, clinker, crushed stone, aggregates of organic and inorganic. Typically, properties of lightweight concrete have been compared with those of. Cip 36 structural lightweight concrete what is structural lightweight concrete. Chapter 5 covers physical and mechanical properties while chapter 7 discusses the design considerations. Founded in 1904 and headquartered in farmington hills, michigan, usa, the american concrete institute is a leading authority and resource worldwide for the development, dissemination, and adoption of its consensusbased standards, technical resources, educational programs, and proven expertise for individuals and organizations involved in concrete design. These air voids are established in the material via the introduction of either a proteinbased or syntheticbased foaming agent that. Lightweight concrete this chapter covers some of the physical properties of lightweight concrete. Introduction the aerated concrete is a one types of lightweight concrete.
Creep and shrinkage properties of lightweight concrete used. Standard specification for lightweight aggregates for structural concrete, c 331. Its thermal insulation properties make it the ideal building material for new construction and the restoration of old buildings. Materials, production, properties and application of. The main variables include water to cementitious material ratio wcm, filling ratio of paste or mortar in voids between coarse aggregate particles fv, filling ratio of sand in mortar fm, and cement replacement level by slag sc. It has significant applications on the structure, the featuring lightly gives several functions in of thermal and. Researchers have supported the need to present mix design data in form of graphs or equations hover, 1995. Lightweight cellular concrete is composed of a mixture of the traditional components of concrete water, aggregates, and cement and air voids. Lightweight aggregate concrete properties, uses and weight. The compressive strength, elastic modulus, splitting tensile. Lightweight aggregate concrete may be very different from normal weight concrete from this point of view.